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Cryptography

cryptobeginner

Index of all crypto pages - from classical ciphers through RSA, ECC, AES, hashing, and XOR.

cryptocryptographyindexoverview

Cryptography

CTF crypto challenges range from simple classical ciphers to modern asymmetric, symmetric, hashing, and XOR problems. Start with encoding/decoding basics and work your way upward through the section.

Mermaid diagram

Pages in This Section

PageDifficulty
Encoding vs Encryption vs HashingBeginner

Quick Identification Guide

Use this table to quickly triage an unknown crypto challenge. Start with the most observable property of the ciphertext.

ObservationTechnique
All letters, shifts by same amount?Caesar / ROT13
All letters, key repeats?Vigenère
Letters rearranged?Transposition
IC0.067\mathrm{IC} \approx 0.067, letters substituted?Monoalphabetic substitution
Base64/hex blob?Encoding - just decode
memodnm^e \bmod n ciphertext?RSA - use RsaCtfTool
XOR'd data?XOR crypto, find key via known plaintext
AES with same IV?ECB / nonce-reuse attack
Server reveals padding error?Padding oracle

Tools Quick Reference


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